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Touch the Untouchables: 

Professions of the Impure

India

by Malgorzata Wakuluk

Published April 2025

Untouchables, or Dalits, represent the lowest social caste in India, often performing so-called "unclean" professions such as butchers, cremation workers, toilet cleaners, cobblers, and washermen. Historically, they faced severe discrimination; they lived in segregated areas, were prohibited from entering temples, schools, and using wells of higher caste members. Touching a Dalit or coming under their shadow was considered impure, requiring a ritual cleanse.


Although India’s 1950 Constitution outlawed caste-based discrimination, Dalits still experience social and economic inequality. Currently, Dalits make up 16-17% of India's population, or roughly 220-250 million people.


For several years, I have observed their daily lives, mostly on the streets of Indian cities, where they beg or work on cremation pyres. Their labor sustains their families and provides for their children's education. Despite advancements, caste-based inequality remains deeply rooted in Indian society.


Malgorzata Wakuluk


Małgorzata Wakuluk has been photographing since 2016 and is constantly learning the art, which has become her greatest passion. She is most inspired by people, their emotions, and their place on earth. Social inequality is a topic that is particularly close to her heart. However, she is also passionate about mystical photography, which can awaken the imagination and has no boundaries. She is currently working on a new documentary project related to the life of the lowest social caste in India – the Untouchables, or Dalits. She was born in Poland but currently lives in Spain. Her photographic topics mainly revolve around marginalized individuals in India.


She is also the initiator of the Polish Women Photographers space, which she has been running since July 2020, creating a place for inspiration and promotion of Polish female photographers both within the country and abroad.

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